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European History
słownictwo
ćwiczenia
zgłoś błąd w ćwiczeniu
Middle Ages
Middle Ages - introduction
The hundred years war
The Rise of Towns and Commerce
Growth of National Monarchies
Fall of The Roman Empire
Reneissance
Exploration
Reformation
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Uzupełnij puste pola właściwymi słówkami.
The Rise of Towns and Commerce
the 9th and 10th centuries,
were no commerce centers or merchant classes. Crafts were carried
locally in manors. During the High Middle Ages of 1000-1500, long
trading developed first. As a result, craftsmen moved into growing centers
trade, forcing lords and serfs to
to get their goods from these centers of trade. Towns formed leagues and urban federations that worked together
fight crime or deal
monarchs and nobles. Guilds also arose, allowing
the collective supervision of affairs - the work was
by reliable people, and the guilds provided for vocational
. The spirit of the medieval economy, however,
to prevent competition. The rise of towns
an emancipating effect. They forced the lords to offer freer terms to the peasantry. Often, peasants
freedom in return for an annual payment to the lord.
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