Middle Ages
Fall of The Roman Empire
Reneissance
Exploration
Reformation

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Middle Ages - Introduction The Middle Ages a period of approximately 1000 years of history, which is generally accepted to span from the of the Roman Empire towards the end of the 5th century, to the Protestant reformation the 16th century. The Middle Ages were a significant part of European History, greatly contributing to the modern era in countless ways. In , a number of modern institutions have their roots in the Middle Ages. The concept of nation-states with strong central governmental power from the consolidation of powers by the kings of the Middle Ages. These kings formed royal courts, appointed sheriffs, formed royal armies, and began to collect taxes - all concepts central modern government. During the Middle Ages, Kings originally called Parliaments to explain their policies and ask money. Parliaments at this time represented collective estates - the clergy, nobility, and merchants - not individuals. The idea of limited government arose, challenging the traditional notion at the time that rulers were all-powerful (such as a Roman emperor or an Egyptian ). The most substantial occurrence in 1215, when the nobles of England asserted their rights against King John in the Magna Carta. In addition, the notion of parliaments, as explained , came into existence, and the reciprocal nature of the feudal and manorial contracts laid the most basic groundwork the concept of the social contract. In addition, the formation of governmental bureaucracy during this time, as the royal councils of medieval kings evolved into modern government departments. Finally, the regulation of goods and services became increasingly prominent during the Middle Aages, as guilds protected the consumer poor products. Thinkers of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment tended to look at the Middle Ages with scorn, but the Middle Ages essential in laying the groundwork for the times to come.