Middle Ages
Fall of The Roman Empire
Reneissance
Exploration
Reformation

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The Sacraments The Catholic church the time of Luther had seven sacraments: · Baptism -- The dousing of infants with water to induct into the church. · The Eucharist (Holy Communion) -- Taking bread wine in remembrance of the Last Supper. · Matrimony -- Marriage. · Holy Orders -- Becoming priest. · Penance -- Making contrition your sins. · Confirmation -- a sort of coming- -age rite in which young people are indoctrinated to the church's teachings. · Last Rites of Extreme Unction (Last Rites) -- At that time an anointing oil to heal the sick, now more commonly a rite. Luther considered all two of those to be unnecessary, and out of the two he accepted (Baptism and Holy Communion) he considered only baptism to doctrinally sound. The present Roman Catholic view of the Holy Communion (transubstantiation) developed in the scholastic period. According this understanding of the Eucharist, Roman Catholic priests were primarily responsible the bread and wine of the Eucharist becoming the body and blood of Christ. Luther not believe that the bread and wine changed into the flesh and blood of Christ, but rather that the flesh and blood of Christ was invisibly present "in, with, and under" the bread and wine the ritual. This "Real Presence" is caused God and not by a priest thus undercutting the Catholic authority over the sacrament.